Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (i.e., high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)) can be released from the host to initiate the corresponding inflammatory response against infections (Zindel and Kubes, 2020), such as regulating the inflammatory responses induced by ferroptosis (Wen et al., 2019)
While rare, serious concerns include rebound hyperpigmentation (darker spots returning after extended use) and ochronosis (blue-black discoloration from prolonged use)
People who take certain medications may also be at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, including, but not limited to, estrogen, H2 receptor antagonists, PPIs (Proton Pump Inhibitors), Chloramphenicol, and Metformin
What are B-12 Injections for
A review published in Cureus (2024) noted that while TB-500 shows promise for soft tissue regeneration, additional research is necessary before clinical translation can occur