Certain people may be at a higher risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency, including: Adults age 65 and older, often due to pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, and reduced production of enzymes People with pernicious anemia, an autoimmune condition that may cause gastric atrophy People with gastrointestinal disorders (like celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease) that affect nutrient absorption Anyone who has had bariatric or gastrointestinal surgery Vegetarians and vegans (B12 is only found in animal-based foods) Breastfed infants of vegan mothers If left untreated, a deficiency in B12 can lead to nerve damage
These reactions are central to ATP generation, DNA repair, and cell signaling, so adequate B supports energy levels and normal cell function
Determining the Right Dosage The appropriate dosage of Vitamin B12 injections can vary based on individual needs and the severity of the deficiency
A smaller gauge needle, such as 25, has a larger diameter, allowing for a quicker injection
PMCID: PMC11050313.