Gimbrone MA Jr, Garcia-Cardena G (2016) Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis
10.1016/j.regpep.2012.12.007 4 BecejacT.CesarecV.DrmicD.HirslD.MadzaracG.DjakovicZ.et al (2018)
For example, alpha lipoic acid is known for its antioxidant role in cellular energy metabolism, green tea polyphenols are studied for protection against oxidative damage, grape seed and pine bark extracts are associated with microcirculation and collagen support, while biotin, zinc, and vitamins A, C, and E contribute to normal skin maintenance
J Infect 35(2):143147 Walmsley SL, Khorasheh S, Singer J, Djurdjev O (1998) A randomized trial of N-acetylcysteine for prevention of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole hypersensitivity reactions in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis (CTN 057)
Endothelial injury generated directly by intracellular viral replication and by ACE2 downregulation, exposing cells to angiotensin II in the absence of the modulator effects of angiotensin 17 (Vinciguerra et al., 2020), and vascular chronic inflammation promoting the development of tissue macrophages overloaded by cholesterol (foam cells), both increase the possibility of acquiring a severe COVID-19 infection (Vinciguerra et al., 2020