Gene expression on BDNF and SK-3 was quantified using real-time PCR, revealing that VPA reduced the expression BDNF, which plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, and increased GSK-3, which is involved in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation whereas crocin dose-dependently normalized both markers (Hosseini et al., 2025)
[11] Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), [12] especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress
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10.1088/0957-4484/25/13/135101 38 ChenH.ChengY.TianJ.YangP.ZhangX.ChenY.et al (2020)
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