The inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF- ), were reduced by treatment with exendin-4 in response to lipopolysaccharide in cultured peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice [65]
In a parallel clinical cohort of 47,324 patients, GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with lower inflammatory biomarkers and fewer MACE events, with the benefits persisting in subgroups stratified by BMI or HbA1c
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Identifying Your Personal Gallstone Risk Factors Before Starting Semaglutide Certain populations carry higher baseline risk for gallstone formation independent of semaglutide use
References DiCiaula, A., Wang, D.Q.H., Portincasa, P