In its hyphal state, Candida produces specialised invasins and proteinases including candidalysin, a peptide toxin that physically puncture intestinal epithelial cells, widen tight junctions between cells, and allow the yeast itself and its toxic metabolites to translocate into the bloodstream and lymphatic system
Previous studies in CNS point to inflammatory mediators as triggers of the dysfunctional autophagy-lysosomal pathway
In addition, with its origins in -MSH, KPV has demonstrated therapeutic value related to immune function, namely antimicrobial and wound-healing potential
Inorg Chem 59:35703578 Shano LB, Karthikeyan S, Kennedy LJ, Chinnathambi S, Pandian GN (2024) MOFs for next-generation cancer therapeutics through a biophysical approacha review
However, the larger ACT trial (n=2,308) did not confirm this benefit (ACT Investigators, Circulation, 2011) [68]